User Guide Page 2
Table 3a. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 25-Item Scores in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder & Subjects Exposed to Severe Trauma
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Connor et al (2003) | 25 | 22 | 47.8 (19.5) | USA | Treatment seeking cases |
| Connor et al (2003) | 25 | 22 | 52.8 (20.4) | USA | Treatment seeking cases |
| Davidson et al (2007) | 25 | 100 94 |
57.0 (16.0) 54.2 (16.2) |
USA | Tiagabine group pre-treatment Placebo group pre-treatment |
| Morey et al (2009) | 25 | 20 | 66.7 (15.8) | USA | OIE/OEF veterans |
| Davidson et al (2009) | 25 | 100 94 |
57.0 (16.0) 54.2 (16.2) |
USA | Tiagabine group Placebo group |
| Mansfield et al (2011) | 25 |
1,843 1,226 |
76.2(16.0) 72.8(16.6) |
USA |
Navy personnel Marines All were mandatory pre-separation assessments |
| Tsai et al (2012) | 25 |
86 76 |
59.6(19.1) 72.0(14.3) |
USA |
OEF/OIF Veterans with PTSD Other Rx seeking OEF/OIF veterans |
| Anderson and Bang (2012) | 25 |
52 16 |
74.2(15.0) 61.1(14.7) |
USA |
Asymptomatic abuse survivors Abuse survivors with PTSD |
| Krystal et al (2014) | 25 | 20 | 62.0 (19.8) | USA | PTSD civilian clinical trial sample |
| Green et al (2014) | 25 | 1981 | 72.7(18.4 | USA | Post 9/11 US veterans |
| Asnaani et al (2015) | 25 | 118 | 68.4 (20.7) | USA | PTSD clinical sample with nicotine withdrawal |
| Elliott et al (2015) | 25 | 127 | 80.9(14.0) 61.8(21.5) 61.9(18.9) |
International | Resilient cluster – OEF/OIF veterans Overcontrolled cluster Undercontrolled cluster |
| Davidson et al (2006) | 25 | 161 | 55.7 (18.4) | International | Prior to receiving drug |
| Davidson et al (2006) | 25 | 168 | 53.0 (17.2) | International | Prior to receiving placebo |
| Thabet et al (2011) | 25 | 99 | 81.9 (18.0) | Gaza | Women survivors of domestic abuse: not all had PTSD |
| Connell et al (2013) | 25 | 54 | 72.1 (12.2) | South Africa | Combat veterans, 33% with PTSD |
| Blanc et al (2016) | 25 | 167 | 66.4 (18.4) | Haiti | Earthquake survivors |
| Tsuno et al (2014) | 25 | 825 | 48.5(16.1) | Japan | Government employees exposed to East Japan Earthquake |
| He et al (2013) | 25 | 410 | 67.8 (11.7) | China | Burn injury patients |
| Ying et al (2014) | 25 | 788 | 55.0 | China | Adolescent (12-19 years) earthquake survivors |
| Chen et al (2014) | 25 | 32 |
51.8(13.2) 49.3(6.5) 52.7(17.9) |
China | Bereaved adolescent earthquake survivors assigned to three treatment groups |
| Ni et al (2015) | 25 | 495 | 61.2 (12.8) 58.0 (12.0) |
China | Sichuan earthquake survivors five years follow-up |
| Zhang et al (2017) | 25 | 222 | 56.9(16.0) | China | Parents bereaved of their only child. Randomized stratified community sample Changsha |
| Ssenyonga et al (2013) | 25 | 426 |
51.9 (15.0) PTSD 51.5 (17.8) |
Uganda | Congolese refugees with and without PTSD |
| Ghisi et al (2013) | 25 | 76 |
61.3 (17.3) 74.2 (10.0) |
Italy | Industrial accident victims (39% with PTSD) and matched controls |
| Brunetti et al (2017) | 25 |
19 19 |
66.7 (8.9) 72.2(13.9) |
Italy | PTSD Trauma +/No PTSD |
| Fu et al (2013) | 25 |
2132 1988 |
50.5(19.9) 50.2(19.5) |
China | Child and adolescent survivors of Sichuan earthquake. Mean age 11.7 yrs (range 6-16). Control and intervention groups were studied. |
| Kukihara et al (2014) | 25 | 241 | 50.8 (19.6) | Japan | Older adult survivors of Fukshima earthquake, tsunami and nuclear accident; 53% PTSD and 67% depression |
Table 3b. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 10-Item Scores in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder & Subjects Exposed to Severe Trauma
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Grattan et al (2011) |
10 10 10 10 |
71 23 47 47 |
29.1(6.1) 29.9(5.9) 30.0(6.5) 28.5(5.5) |
USA USA USA USA |
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill |
| Melvin et al (2012) | 10 | 60 | 31.0 (6.5) | USA | Combat veteran couples |
| McCanlies et al (2014) | 10 | 114 | 29.9 (6.3) | USA | Police officers post Hurricane Katrina |
| Rainey et al (2014) | 10 | 110 | 31.3 | USA | Traumatic injury; hospitalized patients |
| Pietrzak et al (2014) | 10 | 1686 | 30.3 (6.6) | USA | National sample of older veterans age 60-96 |
| Wingo et al (2017) | 10 | 246 | 23.6(7.9) | USA | Veterans with PTSD and depression |
| Davidson et al (2008) | 10 | 329 |
20.1 19.9 |
International International |
Prior to drug treatment Prior to receiving placebo |
| Klasen et al (2010) | 10 | 330 | 22.7 (8.3) | Uganda | Former child soldiers aged 11-17 |
| Tran et al (2013) | 10 | 84 | 25.9 (6.7) 31.1 (6.1) |
Austria | WWII survivors with PTSD WWII survivors without PTSD |
| Wang et al (2010) | 10 | 341 |
24.8(7.4) 20.8(6.3) 26.8(6.3) |
China |
Earthquake survivors – whole group PTSD group Non-PTSD controls |
| Wu et al (2015) | 10 | 318 | 24.8 (7.5) | China | Earthquake survivors (Results given in paper based on 1-5 scoring algorithm, and are corrected here) |
| Duan et al (2014) | 10 | 95 | 25.5 (4.9) | China | University students with PTSD and posttraumatic growth |
| Okuyama et al (2014) | 10 | 1973 | 20.5 (0.7) | Japan | Adolescent survivors of Great East Japan Earthquake |
Table 3c. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 2-Item Scores in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder & Subjects Exposed to Severe Trauma
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Davidson et al (2008) | 2 | 329 |
4.53 4.56 |
International International |
Prior to receiving drug Prior to receiving placebo |
| Jeong et al (2015) | 2 | 222 |
6.0 (1.2) 5.1 (1.5) 4.4 (1.5) |
Korean firefighters |
Control group PTSD or depression alone PTSD with depression |
Table 4. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 25 Scores in Subjects with Depression, Suicide Attempts or Suicidality
| Authors | Scale | N | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Davidson et al (2005) | 25 | 41 | 57.1 (13.3) | USA | Major depression outpatient sample |
| Pietrzak et al (2009b) | 25 | 34 | 60.9 (2.8 se) | USA | Suicide attempting OIF/OEF veterans |
| Vahia et al (2010) | 25 |
401 137 |
71.7 (12.5) 63.4 (14.7) |
USA |
Community sample post-menopausal women with sub threshold depression Community sample post-menopausal women with major depression |
| Lavretsky et al (2010) | 25 |
20 20 |
60.2 (16.7) 66.6 (17.7) |
USA USA |
Alzheimer’s Caregivers Alzheimer’s Caregivers |
| Lavretsky et al (2011) | 25 |
36 37 |
60.5 (14.0) 56.9 (13.4) |
USA | Depressed older subjects to receive tai chi or health education |
| Singh et al (2014) | 25 | 90 | 77.4 CT 55.5 RA 47.7 DP |
India | Psychogeriatric and medical geriatric OP sample. Depression < Rheumatoid arthritis < Healthy controls |
| Roy et al (2006) | 25 | 41 | 49.8 | Italy | Suicide attempting substance abusers |
| Camardese et al (2007) | 25 | 102 |
53.3 (15.2) 41.2 (19.5) |
Italy |
Major depression which responded to treatment Depression which failed to respond. |
| Roy et al (2007) | 25 | 30 | 39.7 (3.7 se) | Italy | Suicide attempting substance abusers, some with history of depression |
| Sarchiapone et al (2009) | 25 | 131 | 56.4 (16.0) | Italy | Prisoners with history of suicide attempt |
| Min et al (2012) | 25 | 80 | 46.1 (18.7) | Korea | Major depression, dysthymia or depression NOS |
| Seok et al (2012) | 25 | 52 |
43.9 64.9 |
Korea |
Major depressive disorder Healthy controls |
| Min et al (2013) | 25 | 230 | 47.4(20.2) | Korea | Outpatients with depression and/or anxiety disorder |
| Um et al (2014) | 25 | 254 | 46.0 (20.8) | Korea | Depressed outpatients |
| Choi et al (2015) | 25 |
62 62 |
60.5 72.8 |
Korea |
Euthymic bipolar disorder patients Healthy controls |
| You & Park (2017) | 25 | 2034 | 50.2(15.9) | Korea | Community sample of elders: in men high CD-RISC score protected against suicidal behavior |
| Ristevska-Dimitrovska et al (2015a) | 25 | 218 | 79.1 68.2 56.4 |
Macedonia | Not depressed breast cancer Subthreshold depression breast cancer Major depression breast cancer |
| Dodding et al (2008) | 25 | 9 | 39.0 (12.2) | Australia | Major depression |
| Nrugham et al (2010) | 25 |
76 176 |
55.4 (13.4) 62.4 (13.6) |
Norway |
Depressed teenagers with history of suicide attempt Depressed subjects without suicide history |
| Lewis et al (2017) | 25 | 697 | 5.8(1.7) | England | Subthreshold depression in primary care |
Table 4b. Mean (SD) CD-RISC-10 and CD-RISC-2 Scores in Subjects with Depression, Suicide Attempts or Suicidality
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Poole et al (2017a) | 10 | 277 3413 |
22.3(7.6) Dep 31.0 Non-dep |
Canada | Primary care |
| Lewis et al (2017) | 2 | 697 | 5.8(1.7) Subthr dep | England | Primary care |
Table 5a. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 25-Item Scores in Groups with Other Psychiatric Disorders
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Connor et al (2003) | 25 | 24 | 62.4 (10.7) | USA | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| Simon et al (2009) | 25 | 103 | 48.7 (15.6) | USA | Generalized social anxiety disorder |
| Elliott et al (2016) | 25 | 127 | 81.0(14.0) 61.9(18.6) 61.8(21.4) |
USA | Resilient personality Undercontrolled personality Overcontrolled personality |
| Sutherland et al (2009) | 25 | 64 | 63.8 (17.7) | USA | Chemical dependency |
| Roy et al (2006) | 25 | 59 | 62.7 | Italy | Abstinent substance abusers |
| Roy et al (2007) | 25 | 70 | 62.9 (2.5 se) | Italy | Abstinent substance abusers |
| Carli et al (2011) | 25 | 1,420 | 64.3 (14.7) | Italy | 1,427 prisoners, 568 with insomnia – RISC was lower in the insomnia group (data not given). |
| Carli et al (2013) | 25 | 1356 | 65.1(14.1) | Italy | Male prisoners – 51% with Axis I disorder (Substance use disorder in 39%) |
| Deane and Andresen (2006) | 25 | 24 | 60.3 (18.5) | Australia | Schizophrenia |
| Deane and Andresen (2006) | 25 | 119 | 63.0 (18.3) | Australia | Schizophrenia |
| Hansen and Thomassen (2010) | 25 | 15 | 57.1 (14.4) | Norway | Schizophrenia |
| Torgalsbøen (2012) | 25 | 15 | 61.3(13.3) | Norway | Schizophrenia in recovery or remission |
| Bozikas et al (2016) | 25 | 48 81 |
61.6(21.0) 71.2(10.4) |
Germany | Elevated psychiatric symptoms in representative population survey |
| Jafari et al (2010) | 25 | 27 | 53(10), 52(5) | Iran | Males with substance dependence |
| Min et al (2012) | 25 | 41 | 53.6(21.0) | Korea | GAD, panic, OCD, SAD mostly |
| Solano & Neto (2012) | 25 |
108 41 |
57.7 52.1 |
Brazil |
Anxiety Borderline Personality Disorder |
| Schibalski et al (2017) | 25 | 676 | 61.1(12.7) | Germany | Elevated psychiatric symptoms in representative population survey |
| Jiao et al (2016) | 25 | 208 | 57.6 (15.9) | China | Methadone maintenance treatment patients |
| Lee et al (2016) | 25 |
68 68 |
60.5 (18.4) 69.3 (11.1) |
China | Euthymic bipolar disorder patients Healthy controls |
| Hoseiny et al (2015) | 25 |
30 30 |
38.1(2.2) 37.1(3.3) |
Iran | Opiate dependence |
| Marulanda and Addington (2014) | 25 |
40 40 |
59.2(15.0) 70.6(11.5) |
Canada |
High risk for psychosis College student controls |
Table 5b. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 10-Item Scores in Groups with Other Psychiatric Disorders
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Hartley (2012) | 10 | 121 | 19.6(8.2) | USA | Student counseling clinic sample |
| Solano et al (2016) | 10 | 575 | 25.8(9.1) | Brazil | Psychiatric outpatients |
| Poole et al (2017b) | 10 | 606 3100 |
606 3100 |
Canada | High vs not high anxiety on GAD-7 in primary care patients |
Table 5c. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 2 Item Scores in Groups with Other Psychiatric Disorders
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Draper et al (2014) | 2 | 210 | 5.9 (2.0) | Australia | Geriatric in- and outpatients; 36% depressed |